Plant Catalog · Sintropia

mangium

Acacia mangium

Secondary I Emergent Fertilizer & mulch 🌱 Nitrogen fixer

Extremely fast-growing nitrogen-fixing legume, central in syntropic systems as a producer of both cover and fertilizer biomass. Pasini classifies i...

century plant

Agave americana

Placenta I Ground cover Mulch biomass

Pivotal species of the accumulation phase on exhausted soils. Rebello describes its use in Chapada dos Veadeiros: planted at 20 cm spacing on near-...

sisal

Agave sisalana

Placenta II Low Mulch biomass

Xerophytic agave domesticated in Mesoamerica and produced at scale in Bahia. Rebello lists it among species adapted to very dry Caatinga environmen...

siris tree

Albizia lebbeck

Secondary II High Fertilizer biomass 🌱 Nitrogen fixer

A fast-growing, drought-tolerant leguminous tree of 18-30 m, native to tropical Asia and now pantropical. It fixes nitrogen readily and coppices ex...

pineapple

Ananas comosus

Placenta II Low No biomass production

Perennial bromeliad cultivated in the low stratum of syntropic systems. Pasini lists it in the low stratum of Tabela 3. Fruits in ~22–24 months; re...

soursop

Annona muricata

Secondary I High No biomass production

Tropical fruit with sweet-tart white pulp and well-documented medicinal properties. Pasini lists it in the high stratum of Tabela 3. Native to Amaz...

sugar apple

Annona squamosa

Secondary I High No biomass production

Small tropical fruit tree, same family as graviola. Pasini lists it in the high stratum of Tabela 3. Tolerates poor soils and drought; traditional ...

breadfruit

Artocarpus altilis

Climax High No biomass production

Pacific fruit tree naturalized in Brazilian coastal and Amazonian regions. EcoAgri lists it in the high stratum of the '> 50 years' bin. Starchy fr...

jackfruit

Artocarpus heterophyllus

Secondary II High No biomass production

Asian fruit tree naturalized in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Pasini lists it in the high stratum of Tabela 3 and in the 5–18 year phase of the co...

bilimbi

Averrhoa bilimbi

Secondary I Medium No biomass production

Small tropical tree (5–10 m), close relative of carambola (Averrhoa carambola, already in canon). Small green cylindrical very acidic fruits — used...

starfruit

Averrhoa carambola

Secondary II Medium No biomass production

Asian fruit tree naturalized in Brazil, with the characteristic star-shape when sliced. EcoAgri lists it in the medium stratum of the 'up to 50 yea...

neem

Azadirachta indica

Secondary I High Mulch biomass

Indian-origin tree adapted to Brazil, the biopesticide species of the Embrapa Vitrine SAF. Leaves and seed oil (azadirachtin) repel more than 200 i...

malagueta pepper

Capsicum frutescens

Placenta II Low No biomass production

Very pungent Brazilian pepper (60,000–100,000 SHU), small upright red fruits. Perennial in tropical zones (3–5 years). Tolerates light shade. Widel...

papaya

Carica papaya

Placenta II High Mulch biomass

Short-cycle Placenta II species occupying the high stratum for 2–4 years. Fruits 9–12 months after planting.

Persian lime

Citrus × latifolia

Secondary I Medium No biomass production

Medium-stratum citrus in syntropic systems. Pasini cites 'lemon' as a stratification example next to coffee (low), avocado (high), and eucalyptus (...

grapefruit

Citrus × paradisi

Secondary I Medium No biomass production

Medium-stratum citrus in syntropic systems. The Bosque de Niebla Guidebook lists grapefruit in the Secondary phase of the medium stratum, alongside...

mandarin

Citrus reticulata

Secondary II Medium No biomass production

Medium-stratum citrus in syntropic systems. Pasini lists ponkan in the high stratum of Tabela 3; the Bosque de Niebla Guidebook places the mandarin...

orange

Citrus × sinensis

Secondary I High No biomass production

Citrus fruit tree widely used in Brazilian agroforestry systems. Pasini lists it in the high stratum of Tabela 3 and cites it among Abundance-syste...

butterfly pea

Clitoria ternatea

Placenta I Ground cover Fertilizer biomass 🌱 Nitrogen fixer

A perennial herbaceous climbing legume able to fix up to 100 kg N per hectare per year in symbiosis with Rhizobium. Used as a high-value forage (pr...

green dwarf coconut

Cocos nucifera

Secondary II High No biomass production

Green Dwarf cultivar — Brazil's commercial mainstay for coconut water. 8–12 m tall, 30–40 year economic life, first harvest at 2–3 years. Yields 15...

coconut palm

Cocos nucifera

Secondary II Emergent No biomass production

High-value palm naturalized along Brazilian coastlines. Pasini lists it in the emergent stratum of Tabela 3. Tolerates salinity and coastal winds; ...

tall coconut

Cocos nucifera

Secondary II Emergent No biomass production

Tall variety — emergent (20–30 m), 60–70 year lifespan, first flowering at 5–7 years. 60–80 large fruits per plant per year for copra, oil, and fib...

yellow dwarf coconut

Cocos nucifera

Secondary II High No biomass production

Yellow Dwarf cultivar. Height and cycle similar to Green Dwarf (8–12 m, first harvest at 2–3 years). Slightly larger yellow fruits. Better toleranc...

hybrid coconut

Cocos nucifera

Secondary II High No biomass production

Dwarf × Tall hybrids registered by Embrapa (BRS 001, 002, 003). Intermediate height (15–20 m), early bearing (4 years), medium fruits. Combine Tall...