Plant Catalog · Sintropia

Spanish cedar

Cedrela odorata

Premium tropical timber of Mesoamerica and northern South America, distinct from Brazilian cedro-rosa (Cedrela fissilis). The Bosque de Niebla Guid...

kapok tree

Ceiba pentandra

Climax Emergent Mulch biomass

Amazonian emergent giant reaching 70 m — one of the tallest trees of the American tropics. Pasini lists it in the emergent stratum of Tabela 3. Sac...

silk floss tree

Ceiba speciosa

Secondary I Emergent

Deciduous Atlantic Forest tree reaching 15–30 m with a crown up to 20 m wide. Fast growth (~6 m in 2–3 years). Trunk often armed with conical spines.

tall coconut

Cocos nucifera

Secondary II Emergent No biomass production

Tall variety — emergent (20–30 m), 60–70 year lifespan, first flowering at 5–7 years. 60–80 large fruits per plant per year for copra, oil, and fib...

hybrid coconut

Cocos nucifera

Secondary II High No biomass production

Dwarf × Tall hybrids registered by Embrapa (BRS 001, 002, 003). Intermediate height (15–20 m), early bearing (4 years), medium fruits. Combine Tall...

coconut palm

Cocos nucifera

Secondary II Emergent No biomass production

High-value palm naturalized along Brazilian coastlines. Pasini lists it in the emergent stratum of Tabela 3. Tolerates salinity and coastal winds; ...

diesel tree

Copaifera langsdorffii

Climax High Mulch biomass

Climax Cerrado and Atlantic Forest legume; produces medicinal oil from trunk exudates. Pasini lists it in the high stratum of Tabela 3 and in the '...

freijo

Cordia goeldiana

Secondary II Emergent Mulch biomass

Amazonian emergent tree, listed by Embrapa Amazônia Oriental among key timber species for SAFs with fruit trees. Mahogany-grade timber — sliced and...

giant bamboo

Dendrocalamus asper

Secondary I Emergent Mulch biomass

One of the most economically important giant bamboos, a clumping species native to Southeast Asia, with culms 15–20 m tall and up to 20 cm in diame...

giant bamboo

Dendrocalamus giganteus

Secondary I Emergent Mulch biomass

One of the largest bamboos in the world, a clumping species native to India, Myanmar, Thailand and southern China, with culms commonly reaching 30 ...

baru nut

Dipteryx alata

Climax Emergent

Native Cerrado leguminous tree reaching over 25 m. Although a legume, it does not form root nodules with N-fixing bacteria — relies on N from groun...

tonka bean

Dipteryx odorata

Climax Emergent Mulch biomass 🌱 Nitrogen fixer

Emergent Amazonian tree (15–30 m), relative of baru (Dipteryx alata, already in canon but Cerrado). Seeds (beans) with intense vanilla-coumarin aro...

African oil palm

Elaeis guineensis

Secondary II Emergent No biomass production

African palm cultivated mainly for oil (palm oil). Rebello & Sakamoto (2019) report Götsch testing oil palm in multi-strata silvopastoral systems a...

earpod tree

Enterolobium contortisiliquum

Climax Emergent Fertilizer biomass 🌱 Nitrogen fixer

Large nitrogen-fixing leguminous tree native to the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado. EcoAgri lists it in the emergent stratum of the '> 50 years' bin. ...

rose gum

Eucalyptus grandis

Secondary I Emergent Mulch biomass

Typical accumulation species in syntropic systems: cover biomass, timber in 15 years. Non-native but widely used in Brazilian SAFs.

juçara palm

Euterpe edulis

Climax High No biomass production

Atlantic Forest native palm with long-cycle climax behavior; high-quality palm heart. Endangered under extractivism, abundant in well-managed syntr...

garlic tree

Gallesia integrifolia

Climax Emergent Mulch biomass

Emergent tree of the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado with a strong garlic smell when wounded. EcoAgri lists it in the emergent stratum of the '> 50 yea...

guadua

Guadua angustifolia

Secondary I Emergent Mulch biomass

A woody clumping bamboo native to Central and South America, regarded as the finest structural bamboo of the Americas. It forms straight, strong cu...

taquarucu bamboo

Guadua tagoara

Secondary I High Mulch biomass

A bamboo native to the Atlantic Forest, distributed from Santa Catarina to Bahia, where it forms the characteristic bamboo thickets. It can reach a...

West Indian elm

Guazuma ulmifolia

Secondary I High Mulch biomass

Fast-growing pioneer tree native to the Cerrado, Pantanal, and Atlantic Forest. Pasini lists it in the high stratum of Tabela 3 and in the 10–20 ye...

yellow trumpet tree

Handroanthus albus

Climax Emergent Mulch biomass

Long-cycle climax with premium timber. Characteristic of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. Spectacular winter bloom.

yellow lapacho

Handroanthus chrysotrichus

Climax High No biomass production

Medium-tall tree of the southern and southeastern Atlantic Forest (8–15 m). Vivid golden-yellow flowering in August–September, denser than the cerr...

pink lapacho

Handroanthus impetiginosus

Climax Emergent Mulch biomass

Emergent tree native to Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Amazon, and Pantanal. Reaches 20–35 m in the wild, 8–12 m in cultivation. Vivid magenta...

rubber tree

Hevea brasiliensis

Secondary II High Mulch biomass

Amazonian latex (natural rubber) tree. Pasini lists it in the high stratum of Tabela 3 and cites it explicitly among the 40-year phase species of t...