Climate
Plants for the Subtropical highland (Cwb) climate
Subtropical highland: rainy, mild summers and dry, cold winters. Classic highland farming — coffee and highland fruit do well; watch frost tolerance on each profile.
45 species in the catalog · Refine this list in the catalog
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olive
Olea europaea
Secondary II Medium No biomass productionOlive, a long-lived evergreen tree of the Oleaceae family, exotic to Brazil and grown in temperate and subtropical regions, notably the Mantiqueira...
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oregano
Origanum vulgare
Placenta I Ground cover No biomass productionPerennial Mediterranean herb (20–60 cm), small aromatic leaves. In southeastern and southern Brazilian syntropic systems used as permanent cover be...
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sweet granadilla
Passiflora ligularis
Placenta II Medium No biomass productionAndean species (Colombia, Peru, Ecuador). Altitude vine (1,000–2,500 m); orange-yellow fruit with translucent pulp, black seeds, sweet aromatic fla...
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hass avocado
Persea americana
Secondary II High No biomass productionMexican-Guatemalan cultivar (~80% Mexican), floral type A. Small-to-medium fruit (180–300 g), pebbly skin that darkens at ripeness, creamy flesh wi...
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margarida avocado
Persea americana
Secondary II Emergent No biomass productionLate-ripening cultivar with very large fruit (700–1,500 g, up to 2 kg), pyriform, light yellow flesh of good quality. Tall tree (12–15 m). West-Ind...
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moso bamboo
Phyllostachys edulis
Secondary I Emergent Mulch biomassA running (spreading) bamboo native to China and Taiwan, the most cultivated species for timber and fiber in East Asia. It reaches up to 28 m tall ...
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sweet cherry
Prunus avium
Secondary II High No biomass productionSweet cherry, a deciduous tree of the Rosaceae family, exotic to Brazil and highly chill-demanding — most cultivars need more than 800 hours below ...
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peach
Prunus persica
Secondary I Medium No biomass productionA deciduous fruit tree of the Rosaceae family, exotic to Brazil but well adapted to the temperate-climate regions of the south. It requires winter ...
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Japanese plum
Prunus salicina
Secondary I Medium No biomass productionA deciduous plum tree originating in China, widely grown in southern Brazil as a temperate fruit crop. It has a moderate chill requirement (cultiva...
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European pear
Pyrus communis
Secondary II Medium No biomass productionThe European pear, a deciduous fruit tree of the Rosaceae family, exotic to Brazil and demanding in chill (usually more than 600 hours below 7 °C)....
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raspberry
Rubus idaeus
Secondary I Low No biomass productionRaspberry, a perennial shrub with biennial canes of the Rosaceae family, exotic to Brazil and grown in cold regions of the south and in highland mi...
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sage
Salvia officinalis
Placenta II Low No biomass productionPerennial Mediterranean subshrub (40–80 cm), grey-green aromatic leaves. Cold-hardy. In subtropical syntropic systems pairs well with rosemary and ...
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yellow dragon fruit
Selenicereus megalanthus
Placenta II Low No biomass productionAn epiphytic, climbing cactus native to northern South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia), grown for its yellow-skinned, white-fleshed a...
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senna macranthera
Senna macranthera
Secondary I Medium Fertilizer biomassA nitrogen-associated leguminous tree native to Brazil, small to medium-sized (6-8 m), fast-growing and semi-deciduous. It bears showy yellow flowe...
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yacon
Smallanthus sonchifolius
Placenta II Medium Fertilizer biomassAndean tuber crop, herbaceous 2–3 m. Sweet tubers rich in fructooligosaccharides — a non-glycemic sugar suitable for diabetics. Cycle 6–10 months t...
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thyme
Thymus vulgaris
Placenta I Ground cover No biomass productionCreeping Mediterranean subshrub (15–30 cm), tiny leaves. Permanent ground cover in full sun on dry well-drained soil. Bee-attracting. Tolerates lig...
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wheat
Triticum aestivum
Placenta I High Mulch biomassAnnual cereal originating in the Fertile Crescent. Rebello & Sakamoto (2019) tested wheat in a syntropic system in the Cerrado (Chapada dos Veadeir...
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garden nasturtium
Tropaeolum majus
Placenta I Ground cover No biomass productionA fast-growing trailing or climbing herb, annual or short-lived perennial, native to the South American Andes and widely grown as an ornamental. Al...
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blueberry
Vaccinium corymbosum
Secondary I Low No biomass productionNorthern highbush blueberry, a deciduous shrub of the Ericaceae family, exotic to Brazil and grown in cold regions of the south, notably Rio Grande...
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assa-peixe
Vernonanthura phosphorica
Placenta II Low Mulch biomassPioneer shrub-tree of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest, listed by Rebello among anchor species of the accumulation system. Indicator of shallow, dry soi...
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concord grape
Vitis labrusca
Secondary II Medium No biomass productionAmerican grapevine — rustic and tolerant of diseases that afflict V. vinifera in the tropics. Source of >90% of Brazilian grape production (Niagara...
❓ Frequently asked questions
What is the Subtropical highland (Cwb) climate?
Mild wet summers and dry winters. Highland areas of southeastern Brazil above ~800 m. Allows rare combinations: high-altitude coffee alongside temperate fruit species.
Which plants does the catalog suggest for the Subtropical highland (Cwb) climate?
The catalog holds 45 species, among them olive, oregano, sweet granadilla. Each profile shows stratum, succession stage, and the management data, with sources cited.